The word LASER is actually an acronym that stands for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Lasers produce an intense beam of light. The electromagnetic spectrum includes visible light (approximately between 400 nm and 700 nm), shorter wavelength ultraviolet light, and longer wavelength infrared light. Radio waves and microwaves have even longer wavelengths than infrared light and X-rays have even shorter wavelengths ultraviolet light. Most medical lasers use visible, near-infrared, or infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Lasers have become the most effective method of hair removal because of several properties. Hair removal methods targeting the surface of the skin (such as shaving) have caused problems beneath the skin (such as ingrown hairs) and are not long-lasting. Methods involving removal or partial removal of the hair shaft (such as tweezing or waxing) may last slightly longer than surface methods, but are never permanent and still cause problems such as ingrown hairs. Lasers are ideal because they can target beneath the skin without damaging surrounding tissues.
There are dozens of lasers now on the market which are currently cleared by the FDA for laser hair removal. These lasers may operate at different wavelengths and would be ideal for different types of skin and hair. All lasers target melanin, or color pigment, in hair. Some lasers, such as the Nd:YAG ideally treat darker skin tones because they work at 1064 nm, bypassing the dark pigment in the skin. These lasers, however, usually treat coarse hair better. Alexandrite lasers operate at 755 nm and diode lasers at 810 nm and both are able to treat fine hairs better, but are limited in tanned and darker skinned individuals. If used properly, lasers are ideal for hair removal, but there is not one laser ideal for all types of hair and skin. An experienced physician should be consulted to assess the best treatment options available.
